果用杨梅慈溪若干地方品种亲源关系初析

Primary Analysis of Genetic Relationship on Some Fruit Waxberry Landraces in Cixi City

应用扩增片段长度多态性标记技术（amplified fragmentlengt hpolymorphism，AFLP），采用12对EcoR Ⅰ／MseⅠ引物对慈溪12份果用杨梅（Myrica rubra（Lour．）Sieb．et Zucc．）地方品种首次进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析，结果表明：12份杨梅品种共获得多态性位点132个，占总扩增位点的49．62％。运用Nei和Li（1979）相异系数方法计算相异系数表明，收集的12份杨梅地方品种之间相异系数范围0．0820-0．7143，其遗传多样性十分丰富。采用UPGMA法聚类分析将品种划分成三组，即荸荠、荸荠雌雄同株、早荠蜜梅归在一组，与同归为一组的晚稻杨梅和深红种亲源关系比较近，与另归一组的凤欢种、粉红种和特早熟优株亲缘关系则较远，而与东魁杨梅一组则亲源关系更远。鉴于此，开展杨梅杂交育种，宜选择与之亲缘关系比较远的品种，诸如荸荠种或早荠蜜梅与东魁或东魁雄16等杂交，能获得较明显的杂种优势。

Genetic diversity and relationship of 12 fi＇uit waxberry （Myrica rubra （Lour.） Sieb.et Zucc.） landraces in Cixi were analyzed by AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） molecular marker for the first time. 12 pairs of EcoR Ⅰ / Mse Ⅰ primer combinations were selected from 64 primer pairs （EcoR Ⅰ/Mse Ⅰ ） to amplify the genomic DNA. The results showed that 132 （49.62%） of AFLP bands were polymorphic markers. The dissimilarity coefficient of 12 Myrica rubra landraces was from 0.082 0 to 0.714 3 using the Nei and Li （1979） statistic method and genetic diversity among them was abundant. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, Myrica rubra landraces could be classified into three groups. Biqi female, Biqi hermaphrodite and Zaoqimimei waxberry had closer relationship with Wandao Yangmei and Shenhong waxberry, so they belong to the same group. They had further relationship with Fenghuan, Fenhong and Tezaoshuyouzhu waxberry in another group and the furthest relationship with Dongkui waxberry group. As a result, distant hybridization breeding between fruit waxberry varieties, such as between Biqi or Zaoqimimei and Dongkui or Dongkui xiongl 6 and so on, could be undertaken and obtain relatively higher heterosis.