根瘤蚜侵染不同抗性葡萄对根结形成及植株营养消耗的影响

Nodosity formation and nutrition consumption in grape cultivars with different phylloxera-resistance and infested by grape phylloxera

为探讨不同抗性水平的葡萄砧木和品种被葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch侵染形成根结的状况及其对植株营养消耗的影响,采用盆栽方式接种根瘤蚜,测定了葡萄根结数量、质量及碳水化合物和脯氨酸含量等指标。结果表明:砧木5BB,1103P,SO4,3309C,101-14Mgt被根瘤蚜侵染后均不形成根结;140Ru,Lot和110R仅形成少量根结而不能形成根瘤;砧木贝达、栽培品种赤霞珠、巨峰和达米娜不仅能够形成根结和根瘤,而且根系腐烂程度严重。越敏感的品种形成的根结数量和体积越大,达米娜、巨峰和赤霞珠根结重占根重比例分别高达40.02%,37.08%和35.36%,百个根结质量分别是140Ru的4.4,3.5和4.3倍。3个形成根结的砧木的枝条生长量平均减少16.5%,而4个高感品种的生长量平均减少43%。根结质量与根结内的营养积聚呈正相关,其中根结质量与淀粉含量增加量的相关系数达0.94,与可溶性糖含量增加量的相关系数达0.81,与游离脯氨酸含量增加量的相关系数达0.93。

Nodosity formation in grapes with different resistance to grape phylloxera （Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch） infestation was studied by potted plant test of inoculation. Number, weight, and contents of carbohydrates and proline of nodosities were tested. The result showed that the rootstocks 5BB, 1103P, SO4, 3309C and 101-14Mgt did not produce nodosities after infected by phylloxera, while the rootstocks 140Ru, Lot and 110R produced a little nodosities but no tuberosities. The rootstock Beta and cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon, Kyoho and Tamina, however, produced lots of nodosities and tuberosities with the roots perished seriously. The more susceptible varieties had more and larger nodosities. The nodosity accounted for 40.02 %, 37.08 % and 35.36 % of the total weight of Tamina, Kyoho and Cabernet Sauvignon, respectively. The total weight per 100 nodosities in the three cultivars reached 4.4, 3.5 and 4.3 times of that of 140Ru, respectively. The average reduction of cane growth of 140Ru, Lot and ll0R was 16.5%, while 43% for the four highly susceptible varieties. The assay of correlation between nodosity weight and nutrient accumulation in nodosities showed that they were significantly positively correlated： nodosity weight was positively correlated with the increment of starch, sugar and proline.