7～14岁在校学生高血压发病率与腰围关系探讨

Relationship between hypertension and waist circumference in school children aged 7-14 years

目的探讨在校学生高血压发病率与腰围之间的关系。方法2006年9～12月对1 053名上海市浦东新区7～14岁学生进行检查,所有学生均测量体质量、身高、腰围、臀围、血压,计算体质量指数(BMI)和腰臀比,采用生物电阻抗方法测量体脂肪质量和脂肪比例。结果1 053名学生高血压发病率为15.1%(159/1 053),男生高血压发病率高于女生(17.7%vs 12.8%,P=0.026),超重和肥胖学生高血压发病率显著高于BMI正常学生(22.1%、48.3%vs 10.4%,P=0.000)。本组7～9岁和10～14岁女生/男生腰围第85百分位值分别为63.0/71.0 cm和72.0/72.0 cm,第95百分位值分别为70.0/77.0 cm和77.0/79.0 cm;当腰围超过同龄同性别第85和95百分位值,则高血压相对危险度分别为3.6和6.5。校正年龄和性别,BMI、腰围与血压呈正相关。多元回归分析显示腰围和身高是高血压发病的危险因素。结论1 053名7～14岁在校学生高血压发病率为15.1%;腰围是儿童高血压发病的重要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the relationship between hypertension and waist circumference in school children. Methods From September 2006 to December 2006, 1 053 students aged 7 to 14 years from Shanghai Pudong New District were examined. Height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were obtained for each student. Body mass index （BMI） and waist to hip ratio were calculated. Body fat amount and fat proportion were measured by biological impendence method. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 15.1% （ 159/ 1 053） in 1 053 school children. Hypertension was more common in boys than that in girls （17.7% vs 12.8% ,P = 0. 026）. The prevalence of hypertension was much higher in overweight and obesity students than those with normal range of BMI （22.1% ,48.3% vs 10.4% ,P =0. 000）. The 85^th percentile of waist circumferences were 63.0/71.0 cm for girls/ boys aged 7 - 9 years and 72.0/72.0 cm for girls/boys aged 10 - 14 years, while those were 70.0/77.0 cm and 77.0/79.0 era, respectively for the 95^th percentile. The relative risk was 3.6 for the 85^th percentile and 6.5 for the 95^th percentile. After adjustment for age and gender, BMI and waist circumference were positively related to blood pressure. It was revealed by muhiple regression analysis that waist circumference and height were risk factors for hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is 15.1% in 1 053 school children aged 7 to 14 years, and waist circumference is an important risk factor for hypertension in children.