小儿呼吸困难86例临床分析

Clinical Analysis of Dyspnoea in Children-86 Cases Report

目的:探讨危重患儿呼吸困难的临床表现与病因,以提高临床医生对呼吸困难病因的鉴别诊断能力,减少误诊、误治,提高救治率。方法:回顾我院儿科以呼吸困难为主要表现患儿86例临床资料。结果:重型肺炎56例(65%),非肺炎因素的呼吸困难30例(35%),依次为气管、支气管异物12例(14%),呼吸系统解剖异常8例(9%),糖尿病酮症酸中毒4例(4.5%),有机磷中毒2例(2%),其他4例(4.5%)(肺结核、颅内出血、格林巴氏综合征、低钙惊厥各1例)。结论:引起呼吸困难的疾病主要为重型肺炎,但非肺炎因素的呼吸困难也不少,对于诊断不明,不能用呼吸系统疾病解释的呼吸困难要仔细询问病史,同时要详细体格检查,还应尽量早完善必要相关检查。

Objective：To investigate the etiological factors and clinical features of dysponea in children and improve the doctors＇ capability in the differential diagnosis of dyspnoea.Methods：The medical records of 86 children taking dysponea as main appearance who hospitalized in the firse people＇s hospital of YiBin,were reviewed and the clinical features were analysised.Results：56 cases were severe pneumonia（65%）,Among other 30 non-pneumonia dyspnoeic cases,12 cases were caused by the bronchial foreign body（14%）,8 cases were caused by the anatomical abnormality of respiratory system（9%）,4 cases were caused by the diabetic ketoacidosis（4.5%）,2 cases were caused by organophosphate poisoning（2%）,and 4 cases were caused by other reasons（4.5%）.Conclusion：Severe pneumonia was the main cause of dysponea in children,on the other hand dysponea caused by non-pneumonia factors were common.When the acatalepsic dyspnoea can＇t be explained by the disturbance of respiratory system simply,the detailed and complete history,consummate physical examination,and coherent auxiliary examination were required.