成都市3~12月龄婴儿食物添加与生长发育的关系研究

Comparative Study of Food Introducing and Infants Growth in Chengdu

目的：了解成都市3~12月龄婴儿喂养和生长发育情况,探讨食物添加对婴儿生长发育的影响。方法：随机选取成都市妇幼保健医院儿保门诊568名3~12月龄婴儿,采用访谈式问卷调查方法,通过婴儿看护人了解婴儿喂养情况,并测量婴儿身长体重,分析婴儿食物添加与生长的关系。结果：3~6月龄婴儿中有40.35%~54.78%已添加奶粉,4~6月龄婴儿中有3.28%~46.09%添加了肉类食物;婴儿添加奶粉、谷类、水果/蔬菜、蛋、肉类的时间（中位数）依次为：1、4、4、4、6月。49.32%婴儿在4个月前已开始添加其他食物;被调查婴儿身长和体重整体发育达到WHO-NCHS标准;在6、8月龄添加奶粉、蛋、肉类食物的婴儿HAZ高于未添加婴儿（P〈0.05）;6月龄添加谷类、蛋类食物的婴儿WAZ低于未添加婴儿（P〈0.05）;5、6月龄添加谷类、蛋类的婴儿WHZ低于未添加婴儿（P〈0.05）;8月龄添加奶粉的婴儿WHZ高于未添加婴儿（P〈0.05）。结论：成都市婴儿看护人的喂养认识和技能尚需规范,应重视对较大婴儿动物性食物添加和食物多样化指导,在保障婴儿得到充分的母乳喂养后适时合理添加其他食物。

Objective：To evaluate the status of feeding behaviors and growth of infants aged 3 to 12 month in Chengdu,China,and assess the effect of infant feeding behaviors on the body growth.Methods：At the clinics of children health care services,568 infants were surveyed with questionnaires to collect the information of their feeding behaviors by care givers.The weight and height of infants were measured.Results：568 infants were included.Among the infants aged 3 to 6 month,40.35%～54.78% of them had introduced formula.Among the infants aged 4 to 6 month,3.28%～46.09% of them had meat introduced yet.The media time of introducing formula,cereal,vegetable or fruits,egg and meat were at the age of 1,4,4,4,and 6 month of these infants respectively.About 49.32% infants introduced some foods other than breast-wilk before the age of 4 month.The infants grew well to the standard of WHO-NCHS.At the aged of 6 and 8 month,HAZ values were higher in infants with formula or meat introduced than those without such food（P〈0.05）.At the age of 6 month,WAZ values were lower in infants with cereal or egg introduced than those without such food（P〈0.05）.At the age of 5 and 6 month,WHZ values were lower in infants with cereal and egg introduced than those without such food（P〈0.05）.And at the age of 8 month,WHZ value was higher in infants with formula introduced than those without formula（P〈0.05）.Conclusions：The knowledge and skills on infant feeding of care givers should be improved.Introducing animal foods benefit the growth of the elder infants.It is necessary to make sure infants get enough breastfeeding and simultaneous introducing complementary foods timely.