畜禽遗传资源的经济价值评估

Economic Evaluation of Farm Animal Genetic Resource

畜禽遗传资源的生物多样性的减少正在成为动物保护和品种改良研究中最受关注的问题。为了提高动物保护和育种方案的决策制定能力,各国的学者提出了许多相关的经济价值评估方法。本文从经济学角度分析了畜禽遗传资源的经济价值及其范畴,对其相关的评估方法进行了回顾。其中包括线性规划与农场模拟模型、估计研究和发展价值的动态模型以及估计育种性状需求的计量经济学模型等内容。农场规划和模拟模型已经发展得很完善,但它们需要大量的数据信息。目前最可取的方法是假设价值评估方法,当目标为获取品种的非市场经济价值时尤其如此。

The decline in biodiversity of farm animal genetic resources （AnGR） has come to the forefront of concern in the discussion of animal conservation and breeding programmes. To improve decision-making regarding conservation and breeding programmes, a number of evaluation techniques of farm AnGR were available. This paper presented an overview of the different values associated to AnGR and of the techniques for their measurement being employed in the economic literature. Those include linear programming and farm simulation models, dynamic models estimating the value of research and development and econometric models estimating the demand for breed characteristics. The farm programming and simulation models have been fairly well developed, but they do have large data requirements. Alternatively, contingent valuation methods are available, in particular when the goal is to capture non-market values embedded in breeds.