苯作业工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析

Chromosome Aberration Analysis of Peripheral Lymphocytes in Workers Exposed to Benzene

目的研究苯接触工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的水平，以及接苯工人的工种、工龄等对结构畸变细胞率的影响。方法选取130名接触苯作业工人进行基本情况调查，并抽取每人外周静脉血0．5ml，加入含有植物血凝素和小牛血清的1640培养基中培养52～54h，终止培养4～6h前加入秋水仙素。收获细胞，染色，用自来水、单蒸水冲洗，干后封片光学显微镜下观察。以非分带染色的方法检测外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变种类和异常率。结果苯接触工人的染色体畸变异常人数在包括裂隙时有40人，在不包括裂隙时有22人，分别占总人数的31．7％与16．9％。在分析不同工种、性别、工龄、饮酒、吸烟、防护知识的掌握程度不同对染色体畸变的影响时，无论包括不包括裂隙这种畸变种类，工种是其影响因素。染色体结构畸变类型主要是单体裂隙31．77％、单体缺失30．75％和断裂25．41％。没有发现工龄、性别、饮酒、吸烟和防护知识对染色体畸变率有明显影响。结论苯接触工人的染色体异常率在包括裂隙时为31．7％，在不包括裂隙时为16．9％。油漆工人的染色体畸变异常率高于其他苯作业工人。

Objectives To study the level of chromosome aberration of peripheral lymphocytes in benzene exposed workers and the impacts of sex, age, and seniority. Methods 130 benzene exposed workers were investigated. 0.5 ml blood sample from every worker was incubated in 1640 medium added with PHA and calf serum for 52 - 54 h. 4 - 6 h before the ending of incubation, colchicine was added. Cells were collected, stained, washed, and air dried before mounting followed by observation under microscope. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed for peripheral lymphocytes using non-banding method. Results 40 benzene exposed workers showed chromosome aberration when the chromatid gap was included; 22 workers showed chromosome aberration when the cbromatid gap was not included composing chromosome aberration rates of 31.7% and 16.9 % respectively. No association was found with sex, seniority, drinking and smoking habits, and the awareness of prevention knowledge no matter the chromatid gap was included or excluded. The only impact affecting the chromosome aberration rate was the job category. The types of the structural chromosome aberration mainly were chromatid gap 31.77%, deletion 30.75% and chromatid break 25.41%. No significant evidence was found in the association of aberration rate with seniority, sex, drinking and smoking habits, and awareness of the prevention knowledge. Conclusions Chromosome aberration rate of workers exposed to benzene was 31.7% when including the chromatid gap; and 16.9% when not including the chromatid gap. Chromosome aberration rate of painters was higher than that of other benzene exposed workers.