中国游泳队接力技术的研究

Study on the Relay Technology of Chinese Swimming Team

上海第8届世界短池游泳锦标赛(作为中国奥运赛前最大的一次国际赛事)为研究出发点,对中国和世界强国接力衔接时间(接力交接棒时间)进行统计分析,并对中国女队在雅典奥运会上接力技术进行横向比较研究。研究结果显示:本次短池比赛中国队女子两个自由泳接力衔接时间分别位居第一、二位,接力衔接技术位于世界领先位置;与雅典奥运会数据比较,中国队自由泳两项接力上有所进步。中国男队混合泳接力技术好,位于第一,两项自由泳接力衔接上表现较差,表明接力衔接训练不够。从比赛的现场和录像看,中国队接力交接棒的主要问题在到边减速和出发技术力量不够。建议在接力衔接训练中,衔接时间应控制在0.1～0.2s左右,对到边运动员提出积极到边、不滑行、低头的良好到边习惯,提高接棒的稳定性、安全性和实效性;其次加强接力出发技术及出发后入水技术,出水技术也是非常重要的一环;最后重视出发的力度和效果,这样才能更有效提高成绩。

Taking the 8th FINA World Swimming Championships held in Shanghai （the major international competition before the Olympic Games in Beijing） as research subject, this paper carries out a statistical analysis on the time of the relay baton transfer between Chinese team and the strong teams in the world. Furthermore, a horizontal contrast on the relay baton skill of Chinese women team in the Athens＇ Olympic Games has been made. The study findings show as follows： in this championship, two of the relay transfer time in the women＇s freestyle are respectively placed in the first and second place and the transfer skill of it is in the leading position. Our national swimming team has made some progress in two of the freestyle swimming relay race comparing with their data in the Olympic Games in Athens. The men＇s swimming team performed the best in the medley relay transfer skill, but not so well in that of the freestyle, which indicates the training in the relay transfer is far from enough. Based on the meet on scene and the videotape, we can see that the main problems of transferring lay in the aspects that swimmers slow down while approching the wall and the inadequacy of diving technique. From the above, we make some advices here： first, in the relay transfer training, the transfer time must be limited around 0.1 s- 0.2 s. We cultivate the swimmers the habit of going all out to the wall, no sliding, keeping their head below on the way to the wall so as to elevate the stability. Second, we must enforce the training of swimmers＇ starting and diving skills, and very importantly, the coming-out skill also must not be ignored. Finally, much attention should be paid to the force and effectiveness in the beginning so that we can improve the swimmers ; performance much more effectively.