哈密木卡姆伴奏乐器中的主奏乐器——哈密艾捷克小考

The Minor Examination of Hmi Aijieke: the Main Musical Instrument in the Hami Mukamu Accompaniment

哈密艾捷克是哈密地区维吾尔族特有的一种弓弦乐器,也是哈密木卡姆伴奏中的龙头乐器。每套哈密木卡姆由一首散板序唱和若干首歌曲构成,没有独立的器乐段落。我们在实地调查中注意到,散板序唱部分唯一的伴奏乐器是哈密艾捷克。进入载歌载舞的歌曲部分之后,加入手鼓、热瓦甫等伴奏乐器,但伴奏中的核心乐器仍然是哈密艾捷克。在哈密木卡姆的演唱过程中,哈密艾捷克引导着手鼓和其它伴奏乐器准确地奏出每首歌舞曲,提示着速度的变化以及节拍、节奏型的变换,具有重要的指挥作用。

Hami Aijieke is a characteristic Uygur bowed stringed instrument in the Hami prefecture and also a leading musical instrument in the Hami mukamu accompaniment. Each set of Hami mukamu consists of a sanban overture and several songs and has no independent period. We made an on--the-- spot investigation and found that the sole musical instrument for accompaniment in the part of sanban overture was Hami aijieke. In the part of singing and dancing, tambourine and rewapu were added, but the key musical instrument was still Hami aijieke. In the process of Hami mukamu performance, Hamim aijieke has important directive functions： to guide the tambourine and other musical instruments in correctly getting in and out every piece of song and dance music and pointing out the change in speed, meter and rhythem.