陕西省农业水资源安全阈值研究

On safety threshold of agricultural water resources based on food security in Shaanxi Province

以小麦、玉米、稻谷和豆类4种粮食作物为研究对象,从陕西省人均粮食标准入手,推算全省粮食总需求量,再根据陕西省各类粮食作物需水量和粮食作物的雨水有效利用量,最终得到全省粮食安全条件下的农业水资源最低标准,即陕西省的农业水资源安全阈值为68.63×108m3。根据陕西省多年的实际灌溉用水量可以得出陕西省农业水资源处于不安全状态,即为实际灌溉用水量低于农业水资源安全阈值。陕西省要保证粮食安全就必须加大节水农业的发展及提高雨水资源的有效利用量。

On condition that Shaanxi Province＇s food security is guaranteed, its grain production needs the minimum standard of agriculture water resources. Rice, wheat, maize and soybean are used as the main objects in the study. The total volume of Shaanxi Province＇s demand for grain can be got when the average standard per person is provided. According to the total water requirements and the quantity of the effective use of rain water for grain crops＇ production in Shaanxi, the volume of water needed for irrigation can be calculated in which the minimum value is the safety threshold. The computed result indicates that Shaanxi Province＇s agricultural water resources safety threshold is 68.63×10^8m^3, while its agricultural water resources are not safe, so it should accelerate the development of water-savlng agriculture and improve the effectiveness of rain water use.