鲍德里亚是一个后现代主义者吗?——兼论现代技术与后现代的关系

Is Jean Baudrillard a Postmodernist?——A Debate about the Relationship between Modern Technology and Postmodernity

鲍德里亚是否是一个典型的后现代论者,长期以来一直是国内外学界争论的核心问题。本文认为,这一问题并不是一个简单的概念之争。在鲍德里亚思想是否归属于"后现代主义"之争的背后,它反映的人们对现代消费社会、后工业社会、仿真社会或超真实社会的性质及其特征的认识。澄清并深化这一问题的研究,有助于加深对鲍德里亚思想的理解。为此,本文从现代技术的特征,即技术的仿真、仿像和超真实性等特征出发,对现代技术与现代性、后现代性的关系进行了考察,并在此基础上指出,鲍德里亚是一个以原始的"象征交换"为原则,对现代性进行激进批判的理论家和预言者,一个具有诸多后现代主义的特征,但又不仅仅局限于后现代性特征的学者,一个后现代性的超论者。当然,在这一问题的探讨中,必须对现代性、后现代性等概念加以给予必要的界定。

Is Jean Baudrillard is a postmodernist？ This is a key controversial question in the studies of Baudrillard. This paper points out that this question is not only the controversy over the definition of a concept, but also the key issue in understanding the essence and characteristic of modern consumer society, postindustrial society and the society of simulation and hyperreality in terms of the debate about whether Baudrillard should be relegated into ＂postmodernism＂. Accordingly, in terms of the characteristics of modern technological society, such as simulation, simulacra and hyperreality defined by Baudrillard, this paper tries to probe into the relationship between technology and postmodernity. Furthermore, it points out that Baudrillard＇s idea, to some extent, has some postmodern characteristics. However, fundamentally, Baudrillard is not only a well-known postmodernist, but also should be regarded as a radical critical theorist, holding the principle of symbolic exchange and beyond postmodernity.