从客观决定性到意志自由——论行动哲学研究的方法论变革

From Objective Determination to the Freedom of Will——On the Revolution of Methodology in the Philosophy of Action

如果说心灵哲学是当代西方学术界的"第一哲学",那么,以"客观决定性vs.意志自由"为核心问题的行动哲学研究,则是这种哲学研究在当今最重要的组成部分和基本发展趋势,因而只有在研究客观决定性和意志自由的相互关系方面取得了根本性突破,行动哲学和心灵哲学研究才有可能取得实质性进展。不过,由于绝大多数研究者都没有通过对惟理智主义研究方法论的深刻批判反思而达到方法论的自觉,所以,只有真正实现了对由基本倾向、思维方式和研究模式构成的研究方法论的彻底变革,这样的突破才是可能的;本文认为,以社会个体生成论彻底扬弃和取代基于抽象个体的预成论,是实现这种变革的富有建设性意义的学术理路。

If the philosophy of mind is the first philosophy in the Western today, the philosophy of action, which treats the ＂ objective determination vs. the freedom of will＂ as its kernel theme, is both the most important constituitive part and trend of this kind of philosophy of mind. Therefore it is only by making some essential breakthrough in the research upon the relations between objective determination and the freedom of will that the philosophies of mind and action can make their fundamental progresses respectively. However, most of the researchers failed in producing penetrating critiques of and reflections upon the traditional intellectualist methodology in the Western world and moving to a higher plane of consciousness of the methodology. This essay emphasizes that only through the radical transforming of this intellectualist methodology, which is constituted by the basic inclinations embodied by the theory of performation, thinking modes and research patterns in the Western intellectualism, and through sublating this kind of methodology by the methodology of the social individual growing-up theory can the researches of philosophy of action go more smoothly and get numerous significant achievements.