师范教育的市场危机与国家的有限干预

Market Crisis of Normal Education and Limited Intervention

师范教育是国家公共教育制度的基础。师范教育如何发展,是国家干预还是市场调节,各国根据国情有不同的选择。透视我国师范教育发展的百年历程,市场机制并不能有效提升师范教育的质量,解决欠发达区基础教育教师资源、特别是优秀教师资源短缺的问题。正是基于这一现实,国家决定通过公共财政手段干预师范教育的走向,以实现教育公平,促进社会和谐。政府对师范教育的干预是局部的、引导性的,而非全面的、强制性的。其目的是引导师范大学坚守"师范性"的特色,并不涉及对学校事务的全方位干预。

As the foundation of the system of national universal education, how to develop normal education, by governmental intervention or by market adjustment, depends on choice of different states according to their respective internal situation. A review of the centurial history of growth of normal education in our country shows that market mechanism cannot effectively improve the quality of normal education or solve the problem of shortage of teacher resources, especially outstanding teacher resources. Based on this reality, the state has decided to intervene with the orientation of normal education by means of public finance so as to realize equal education and promote social harmony. However, governmental intervention with normal education is but partial and directory rather than comprehensive and compulsory with the purpose of making normal universities maintain the character of ＂normality＂.