近代早期英国猎巫运动中的妇女研究

Studies on Women of England Witch-Hunting Movement in Early Modern History

从15世纪至18世纪,一场长达3个世纪的猎巫运动席卷了欧洲大陆,位于西北欧一隅的英国也未能幸免,巫师被残酷虐待和凌辱,甚至被活埋和焚烧。英国的猎巫运动呈现出不同于欧陆的显著特征在于:猎巫与性别密切相关;女性在猎巫运动中首当其冲,成为最大的牺牲品。研究发现:80%的巫师是女性;女性又是猎巫运动的主力军,起着至关重要的作用;女性在猎巫运动中作为受害者和证人的比例都非常高。女性既是猎巫运动的最大受害者,又是猎巫运动的主角。从这个意义上说,英国的猎巫是女性之间的一场斗争。

The witch -hunting movement lasting for 3 centuries, from the 15th to 18th century, was sweeping across the whole mainland of Europe, England a country of northwestern Europe not exclusion. Witches were cruelly abused, humiliated, and even buried alive on fire. Different from European movement, witch - hunting movement of England showed its own characteristics ： witch - hunting was closely connected with gender ; undoubtedly women became the largest group of sacrificial Iambs. Researches displayed that 80 percent of witches was women ; also they consisted of the main force, playing crucial role in the movement; women seized a rather high proportion in victims and casualties, being the largest victims as well as the majority in the movement. In the sense, the witch - hunting movement of England featured a war between women.