从实践理性到交往理性——哈贝马斯的社会整合方案

From Practical Rationality to Communicative Rationality:On Habermas′ Theory of Social Integration

哈贝马斯认为,由于实践理性脱离了文化传统和社会历史因素,致使个人和社会相分离,并和实践之间存在着过于直接的联系,因此它在解决人和人之间的社会整合问题上失去了作用,进而被思想家们所抛弃。而他所提出的交往理性的方案就是要把法律和社会规范的制定问题放在话语的交流过程中,用对话中的恰当理由来证明社会规范的正当性。这种把理性的观念放在话语过程和理解过程中的思路,克服了实践理性所存在的问题,对于我们重新理解理性的概念具有重要意义。

Habermas holds that because practical rationality separates itself from the cultural traditions and social and historical factors,it separates the individual from the society.He also believes that because practical rationality has a very close connection with practice,it cannot solve the social integration of humans,which is why the philosophers have thrown it away.Habermas′ theory of communicative rationality aims to put the establishment of social norms and laws in the communicative process of discourse whose proper reasons could prove the justice of the social norms.Habermas′ approach can help solve the problems of practical rationality and has great significance to our re-understanding of rationality as a concept.