西塞罗对希腊晚期三大伦理体系的批判

Cicero′s Criticism of the Three Dominant Ethical Theories in the Later Period of Greece

本文对古罗马哲学家西塞罗的主要伦理学著作《论至善与至恶》进行了解析。作者指出:西塞罗抓住希腊伦理学的核心问题,紧紧围绕至善问题批判晚期希腊三大主要伦理体系,将伊壁鸠鲁学派和斯多亚学派的伦理学的内在逻辑矛盾和外在实际困境展示在人们面前。西塞罗的政治、法律著作中已经包含着"公民伦理"的思想,通过《论至善与至恶》的写作,西塞罗基本上完成了对希腊伦理学遗产的清理。这种批判性的扬弃使他不但能够兼收并蓄,为发展适合罗马共和国的伦理思想改铸出一整套拉丁伦理学术语,而且以他那个时代和民众的共同道德意识为裁决标准,重整了适应主流文化发展的道德准则。

This is a study of On Moral Ends(De Finibus Bonorum Et Malorum),the main ethical work by Cicero who was an influential philosopher of ancient Rome.The paper points out that Cicero has grasped the core of Greek ethics and criticized the three dominant ethical theories in the later period of Greece by laying bare the internal logical contradiction and the external dilemma of the ethics of Epicureanism and Stoicism.In his previous works on politics and law Cicero mentioned 'civilian′s ethics' but in On Moral Ends he sorted out the heritages of Greek ethics.His criticism of the previous ethics helped establish a set of moral principles by following the dominant culture and the moral consciousness of the times and the people plus a set of Latin terms of ethics for the Republic of Rome.