消极自由与积极自由辨析——对以赛亚·伯林“两种自由概念论”的分析与批评

A Criticism of Isaiah Berlin′s Two Concepts of Liberty and a Comparison between Negative Freedom and Positive Freedom

以赛亚.伯林(Isaiah Berlin)在《自由的两种概念》一文中,对"消极自由"和"积极自由"这两个自由概念进行了区分。他将"消极自由"定义为个人行动不受他人干涉的区域;"积极自由"则意味着个人的生活和选择是由自己而不是任何异己的因素所决定。与此同时,在对积极自由概念的错误理解的基础上,伯林激烈地反对积极自由理论。本文拟在辨明"消极自由"和"积极自由"两个概念的基础上,就伯林对"积极自由"概念的错误理解予以力所能及的评析。

In Two Concepts of Liberty,Isaiah Berlin distinguishes between two concepts of freedom: negative freedom and positive freedom.The former refers to the area where a person can act without interference from others while the latter means that an individual's life and decisions are under control by himself rather than by any alien forces.Because of some misunderstandings of positive freedom,Berlin strongly objects to the theory of positive freedom.Through an incisive analysis of the concepts of negative freedom and positive freedom,the paper objectively criticizes Berlin's objections to the theory of positive freedom and his misunderstanding of the two concepts.