公路隧道火灾的模型试验与数值模拟分析

Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Road Tunnel Fire

为研究公路隧道火灾烟气温度场的分布规律,提升公路隧道的火灾安全性,以相似理论为依据,结合某实际隧道工程实例,设计了一套隧道火灾模型实验装置。模型隧道横截面为0.88m×0.5m,长12m,隧道内的风速可在0～5m/s范围内调节。采用该试验装置,进行了火灾时隧道内温度场的纵向,横向分布规律以及温度场扩散范围的火灾模型试验。试验中设定了不同的通风风速来模拟实际的隧道火灾场景,隧道内烟流温度通过数据采集系统读取。用FDS火灾动力学模拟软件进行了数值模拟计算,总体来看数值模拟的结果与试验数据的吻合程度较好。并依据试验及数值模拟的结果对隧道火灾的控制、救援和人员疏散提出了一些建议。

In order to investigate temperature distribution of the smoke flow in road tunnel fire and upgrade its fire safety, an experimental tunnel fire device was set up by the author. This model device, which was based on analogical theory, took an actual road tunnel as research object. The cross section of this model tunnel was 0.88m×0.5m, and its length was lOm. The wind speed in the tunnel could be adjusted between 0-5m/s. Using this device, a series of simulated experiments were carried out in order to get the temperature distribution rule, such as longitudinal distribution, transverse distribution and the scope of temperature pervasion. In this experiment, various ventilation velocities were set to simulate actual fire scene. The temperature of fire smoke was read by data collection system. Numerical simulation was carried out with FDS （Fire Dynamics Simulator）. In general, the results of numerical simulation correspond with experiment data. The smoke scenes in tunnel with different ventilation velocities were also simulated with FDS. On the basis of experimental investigation and numerical simulation, some sound suggestions are put forward on control, rescue and personnel evacuation of tunnel fire.