我国近30年来植物迁地保护及其研究的综述

A commentary on plant ex situ conservation and its researches in China nearly thirty years

从20世纪80年代起,中国植物园与世界植物园同步挑起了植物迁地保护的历史重担,使植物园的数量迅速增加至近200个,收集保存了占中国植物区系2/3的20000个物种,并在稀有濒危植物迁地保护原理与方法的科学研究上获得了新的进展。然而,中国植物园的布局与世界的植物园一样,物种越丰富的地区,已建立的植物园越少;在保存的物种中,不仅忽视了遗传多样性的保护,而且有约1/3的国家重点保护种类主要因适应性问题而生长不良、出现生殖障碍,甚至死亡。为了提高我国植物迁地保护的有效性,本文就《中国稀有濒危植物保护名录》的修订与公布、《中国植物保护战略》的制定,以及我国植物园协调机制的建立、植物迁地保护网络系统的完善、稀有濒危植物迁地保护的规范等问题进行讨论。

The number of botanical garden has rapidly increased to near 200 in China since 1980s due to shoulder heavy loads in plant ex situ conservation,20 000 species of wild plants,two third of China＇s flora,have been cultivated in chinese botanical gardens,and the researches on the principles and methodologies of ex situ conservation for rare and endangered plants have also made a mighty advance. The distribution pattern of Chinese botanical gardens,however has the same situation to the world,the richer species of plant where have,the less botanical gardens there are; and it is not only the genetic diversity being ignored, but also one third of protected rare and endangered species didn＇t growing well,having reproductive barriers and even death. In order to raise the effectiveness of plant ex situ conservation for China, the authors discuss on some strategies as the revising and announcing of ＂China＇s Protective Lists of Rare and Endangered Plants＂ , working out the ＂China＇s Strategy for Plant Conservation＂, the construction of coordinative mechanism for Chi- nese botanical gardens, the improvement of Chinese botanical gardens conservation network, and working out the stand- ards of conserving practices for rare and endangered plants in Chinese botanical gardens as well.