黄河三角洲土地利用／覆被变化时空特征研究

Temporal-Spatial Characteristic of the Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲地区受人类活动作用时间相对较短,为土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动力研究提供了难得的条件。以位于黄河入海口处的垦利县为例,通过对1987—2000年土地利用/覆被变化幅度、变化构成以及流向图的分析,得到了该地区土地利用/覆被变化的特点,并应用遥感及G IS空间分析手段分析了黄河、渤海对该区土地利用/覆被变化格局的影响与作用机制。结果表明:(1)位于黄河入海口处的垦利县土地生态环境脆弱,占土地总面积80%的旱地、林草地、盐荒地和滩涂存在状态不稳定,盐荒地是其土地利用/覆被变化的核心类型;(2)黄河淡水和海洋咸水所控制的水文条件变化是该区土地利用/覆被变化的重要驱动因素,基本控制了分布的格局,并影响土地利用/覆被变化的可能性及变化方向。

The Yellow River delta provides an uncommon condition for land use and land cover change because of its short time for forming and unique geographical location. Taking Kenli County as the study area, the characteristic of the land use and land cover change in the Yellow River delta was obtained by analysis of the range, structure and flow direction of the land use and land cover change. Then, we analyzed the influence of the Yellow River and Bohai Sea on the land use and land cover change and its changing mechanism. The results show that the primary land use and land cover types of dry land, forest and grass land, salty waste land and shoal land were frangible with both large increment and large decrement, the salty waste land was the key change types, the change of water resources influenced by the fresh water in the Yellow River and salt water in the Bohai Sea is an important driving forces of the land use and land cover change, which not only determined the pattern of the land use and land cover, but also influenced the probability and direction of the land use and land cover change.