声化学技术在强碱催化制备生物柴油中的应用

Application of sonochemistry in the production of bio-diesel catalyzed by alkali

对声化学技术在强碱催化制备生物柴油方面的研究与应用进行了评述。介绍了催化剂种类及用量、温度、反应时间、醇种类及用量、频率与功率、原料种类等因素对超声场中酯交换反应的影响,同时也对超声促进连续酯交换,水力空化促进酯交换,以及超声辅助萃取酯交换法等声化学新技术进行了分析、评述,指出采用声化学方法具有环境友好、反应快速等优点,但在工程放大、设备设计等方面尚需进一步研究。

The researches and the applications of sonochmeistry in the production of bio-diesel catalyzed by alkali are reviewed. The factors affecting the reaction are as follows： the category and usage of catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time, the category and usage of alcohol, power and frequency of ultrasound and the category of raw material. The new sonochemical technologies are also analyzed, such as the continuous transesterification assisted by ultrasound, the transesterification with the help of hydrodynamic cavitation and the method of ultrasonically assistant extraction transesterification （USAET）. It is referred that the sonochemical method is environmentally friendly and has the character of high reaction rate. However, it is needful to do further research on the aspects of engineering magnification and equipment design.