嗜热酶的稳定机制和稳定策略的研究进展

Progress in the Molecular Mechanism and Strategies for Thermostability of Thermophilc Enzyme

来源于嗜热菌的嗜热酶具有热稳定性和嗜热性。嗜热酶与对应的中温酶序列具有高度的序列同源性、高度相似的三级结构和催化机制。在简单总结了嗜热酶的生化和分子特性后,本文重点讨论了嗜热酶稳定的分子机制和提高蛋白质稳定性的策略。嗜热酶稳定的分子机制包括:氨基酸组成特性、蛋白质分子内的作用力、蛋白质构型的影响、锚定N末端和C末端、环的缩短和固定、翻译后修饰。提高蛋白质热稳定性的策略包括:蛋白质工程策略(序列一致概念、理性设计、定向进化、多肽链延伸和计算模型)、化学修饰法、添加保护剂提高酶的稳定性。

The thermophilic enzyme from thermophilic bacteria has the thermostability and thermophilic characteristic. Comparative studies of the thermophilic and mesophilic enzymes showed that they had high homologous sequence,high similar 3D structure and catalytic mechanism. After the biochemical and molecular characteristics of the thermophilic enzyme were simply summarized,the molecular mechanism for thermostability and the strategies to improve the protein thermostability were mainly discussed. The molecular mechanism for protein thermostability includes the following：the amino acids composition properties,the intramolecular interaction strength,the protein structure,docking N and C terminal ,shorting and docking the cycle,the posttranslational modification. The strategies to improve the thermostability includes protein engineering strategies （the consequence concept,the rational design, directed evolution, polypeptide chain extension and computational model）,chemical modification and addition of protective agent.