农村妇女艾滋病防治知识及态度调查

Survey on HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitude of rural women

目的:探讨农村妇女的艾滋病知识知晓率及相关态度,为后续工作提供参考依据。方法:2008年3月采用自制的结构式调查问卷,对503名农村妇女进行了一对一、面对面询问式调查。内容涉及调查对象的基本情况、艾滋病的传播途径和非传播途径、对艾滋病病毒感染者/病人的看法和态度等内容。结果:电视、宣传材料和广播是获得知识的主要途径,97.02%的人听说过艾滋病,87.08%的人知道艾滋病可以预防,74.95%的人知道外表健康的人也可能是感染者,63.42%的调查对象知道目前已有治疗方法可以延长患者生命,59.84%的调查对象知道艾滋病尚不能完全治好。除了PMTCT的知晓率较低(48.91%)之外,其他5项有关艾滋病传播及预防知识条目知晓率均超过了70%。知晓握手和吃饭不会传播的比例都较高,但是有关共用马桶和蚊虫叮咬不传播的知晓率较低。超过70%的调查对象表示不会歧视感染者并且愿意帮助感染者,但是只有58.25%的调查对象表示会同他们继续交往。与低年龄组相比,50岁以上年龄组在14项知识条目中有10项知晓率都较高。结论:迁西县农村妇女对艾滋病处于全面听说、了解不够深入的状态。对艾滋病传播途径和预防知识了解较多但非传播途径知晓率较低,歧视现象较严重,应强化艾滋病知识的健康教育。

Objective： To analyze and explore the current status of HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitude among rural women and provide the scientific reference for developing efforts in the future. Methods： During the midterm of March 2008, 503 rural women were investigated through one to one and face to face interview with questionnaire. The content included the demographic characters, transmitted route and non- transmitted route, attitude towards HIV infected people. Results： Television, health education material and broadcast were the main routes for rural women getting HIV/AIDS related knowledge. Among the rural women, 97. 02% of them had heard of AIDS, 87.08% knew that HIV/AIDS could be prevented, 74. 95% knew that health appearance people also might be HIV carrier, 63.42% learned there had been treatment for AIDS and 59. 84% knew it could not be cured. Except the relatively low ratio of PMTCT awareness with only being 48.91%, the other five items about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention knowledge were over 70%. The awareness rate about hands shaking and eating together could not transmit HIV was 77.53% and 68. 99%, respectively. But the correct rate of sharing closestool and mosquito biting was only 41.95% and 30. 02%. More than 70% of women told they would not discriminate the people living with HIV and like to help them. However only 58. 25% show they will still intercourse with them. Compared with young age group, the awareness rate of group over 50 years old was higher for the 10 items among the 14 ones in all. Conclusion： Almost all of the Qianxi rural women know the AIDS, but the awareness is not so intensive. The knowledge of transmitted route and prevention knowledge is better but non - transmitted route knowledge is not so with relatively popular discrimination. Thus, the HIV/AIDS health education should be intensified further.