道德多元与原则冲突:全球生命伦理学的困境

The Plight of Global Bioethics——Moral Pluralism and Principles Conflict

在多元的文化世界里,人们信奉不同的道德传统和道德学说,生活在不同的宗教、意识形态和道德共同体中,导致了道德价值的多样化,因此,在全球范围内信奉一个共同的道德、共同的生命伦理观念,而否定或者忽视这种多样性是欠妥的和盲目的。另外,被广泛认同的全球生命伦理学的自主、有利、不伤害、公正四原则本身也在实践和理论两个层面受到一些质疑。一些被普遍接受的伦理原则有时却会导致矛盾的、无法接受的道德结论,那么,建立某种普遍化的原则是否可行,这些都是发展全球生命伦理学需要深入思考的问题。

In the world of multi-culture, people have different moral tradition and ethical theory, live with different religion, ideology, and morality, which lead to diversity of moral values. Therefore, it is unsuitable and blind for the whole world to have one morality and life ethics, but denies or ignores the diversity. In addition, such four principles as autonomy, to our advantage, not hurt, and just, widety recognized by the world＇s bioethics, are questioned form theory and practice. Some well recognized Ethical principles sometimes resulted in contradicted or unacceptable moral conclusions. Then it is feasible to establish some universal principles. All the above mentioned is what global bioethics needs to explore.