经济集聚密度与劳动生产率差异——基于北京市微观数据的实证研究

The Density of Economic Agglomeration and Labor Productivity:A Micro-Empirical Study on Beijing

地区间劳动生产率差异是普遍存在的经济现象，根据北京市2004年经济普查数据分析发现，市内各地区的劳动生产率差异非常显著，其差异程度不亚于各市间、各省间的差异水平。我们从经济集聚密度的视角对北京市内的劳动生产率差异进行解释，结果发现劳动生产率与经济密度之间存在显著的正向关系，劳动生产率对单位面积上产出和单位面积上就业的弹性分别为11．8％和16．2％，高于欧美的4％～5％的平均水平。这一分析结论验证了集聚经济效应的存在，也为解释我国地区间劳动生产率的差异提供了一个比较好的理论视角。

Using the economic census data of 2004, we find large disparities of labor productivity among Beijing＇s urban districts. We explain these disparities from the angle of economic agglomeration. Our results show that agglomeration, measured by output density, has a positive impact on labor productivity; the elasticity of （average） labor productivity with respect to output density and employment density is 11.8% and 16.2%, respectively, higher than the average level found in the US and EU. This conclusion verifies the existence of the agglomeration effect in Beijing.