异质性、分割生产与国际贸易

Heterogeneities,Fragmentation and International Trade

在产品的生产链条可以任意分割的情况下，本文考察了不同生产率的公司供应国外市场模式的差异。生产率水平较低的公司选择出口方式；生产率水平较高的公司选择分割生产投资方式，其中，生产率水平越高的公司配置在国外的生产环节越多；生产率水平最高的那些公司选择水平型投资方式。在行业层面，一个行业的技术可分割性越强和行业内公司生产率的异质性越大时，行业的产品出口相对于直接投资的比例越小。

This essay analyzes different ways multinational firms of different levels of productivity adopt to serve the international market when the production chain can be freely fragmented. Firms with lower levels o productivity will choose exports; firms with higher levels of productivity will choose fragmentation. The more productive a firm is, the more product chains are allocated abroad. Firms with the highest productivity will choose horizontal FDI. At the industry level, the easier is fragmentation and the more disperse is the within- industry productivity, the lower is the ratio of exports to FDI sales.