嗅鞘细胞与雪旺细胞修复神经缺损的效果比较

Olfactory ensheathing cells versus Schwann cells in repairing nerve defects

目的比较雪旺细胞和嗅鞘细胞修复周围神经损伤的能力。方法体外培养异体雪旺细胞及嗅鞘细胞2周后纯化浓缩待用。60只成年雌性Wistar鼠随机分成三组，坐骨神经切除25mm长轴突，保留神经外膜吻合于近端，分别将细胞培养液、雪旺细胞、嗅鞘细胞分别植入A、B、C组神经外膜腔内，术后3个月，通过大体形态观察、显微镜及透射电镜观察、逆行标记荧光红的运输距离、免疫荧光检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白及神经生长因子、踝关节功能评分、酶联免疫方法检测髓鞘碱性蛋白及神经丝蛋自来评估神经缺损的修复效果。结果神经缺损再生情况，肉眼观c组最完全，B组次之，而A组最差，光学显微镜及透射电镜观察神经纤维生长情况、荧光显微镜下观察逆行标记荧光红在神经中的运行距离，C组最长，B组次之，而A组最短；免疫荧光检测神经生长因子及胶质纤维酸性蛋白浓度、酶联免疫吸附实验检测髓鞘碱性蛋白及神经丝蛋白浓度均数、踝关节运动功能评分均数的结果都是c组最高，B组次之，而A组最低，三组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论嗅鞘细胞能促进神经缺损再生，且效果优于雪旺细胞。

Objective To compare olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） and Schwann cells （SCs） in respect of their abilities to repair nerve defects. Methods OECs and SCs were cultured in vitro for 2 weeks before they were purified and condensed for later transplantation. Sixty adult female Wistar rats were randomized into 3 even groups. After a 25 mm length of axons was excised but the epineurial lumen was re- tained, the left sciatic nerves were anastomosed to the proximal ends. Cell culture medium, SCs and OECs were transplanted into the epineurial lumen in A, B, C groups respectively. Three months postoperatively, regeneration of the injured sciatic nerves was evaluated by gross observation, microscopy, transmission elec- tron microscopy, transportation distance of retro-marked fluorescence red, immunofluorescence assay of the glial fiber acid protein and nerve growth factors, enzyme linked immunoassay of myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein, as well as ankle function evaluation. Results By gross observation, regeneration of the injured sciatic nerves was the best in group C and the poorest in group A. In aspects of growth of nerve fibers observed by microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the transportation distance of retro-marked fluorescence red in the injured sciatic nerves observed by fluoroscopy, glial fiber acid protein and nerve growth factors tested by immunofluorescence assay, concentrations of myelin basic protein and neuro- filament protein in the injured nerves tested by enzyme linked immunoassay, as well as in the mean ankle function score, group C was the best, next was group B , and group A was the poorest. The differences be- tween groups had statistical significance （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion OECs transplantation can repair injured nerves and has better effects than SCs transplantation.