个体化孕期膳食营养指导对妊娠结局的影响

Effect of individualized maternal dietary nutritional instruction during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes

目的探讨个体化孕期膳食营养指导对妊娠结局的影响。方法孕13周前在张家港市妇保所围产期保健门诊建卡的正常单胎初产孕妇360例,随机分成两组,第1组为孕妇学校健康教育组,第2组为孕妇学校与孕妇个体化营养膳食指导结合组。比较两组孕妇在同等孕期时的体重、宫高、腹围、血压、血糖等的变化以及对妊娠结局的影响。结果两组孕妇体重调控效果有明显不同,第2组明显优于第1组(χ2=9.91,P<0.05)。第2组阴道分娩(正常产和阴道助产)、剖宫产、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、巨大儿等高危妊娠及妊娠结局相关指标经比较与第1组有显著性差异(χ2分别为17.92、17.92、4.46、10.29、4.59,均P<0.05)。结论孕妇学校与孕妇个体化膳食营养指导相结合能更有效地调控孕妇体重,减少孕期疾病的发生,可获得满意的妊娠结局。

Objective To investigate effect of individualized maternal dietary nutritional instruction during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes. Methods 360 primiparae with normal single fetus who visited obstetricians before 13 weeks of gestation were randomly divided into two groups： pregnant women school for health education group （the first group） and pregnant women school and individualized maternal dietary nutritional instruction combination group （the second group）. Body weight, height of fundus of uterus, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose level and pregnancy outcomes of the pregnant women in the two groups were compared. Results The weight control of the pregnant women in the second group was significantly better than the first group （χ^2 = 9.91 ,P 〈0.05）. In vaginal delivery （normal vaginal delivery and obstetric vaginal delivery）, cesarean section, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy （HDCP）, gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）, fetal macrosomia and so on, there were significant differences between the two groups （χ^2 = 17.92, 17.92, 4.46, 10.29, 4.59, respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Combination of pregnant women school and individualized maternal dietary nutritional instruction during pregnancy can effectively control body weight of the pregnant women and reduce incidences of gestational diseases, thereby satisfactory pregnancy outcomes could be achieved.