2002～2007年深圳市龙岗区出生缺陷动态分析

A dynamic analysis birth defect in Longgang district of Shenzhen city from 2002 to 2007

目的了解深圳市龙岗区出生缺陷发生情况及分布特征，为出生缺陷的预防和干预提供依据。方法收集深圳市龙岗区2002～2007年出生缺陷资料，对资料进行分析。结果6年间共发现出生缺陷儿1528例，平均出生缺陷率为12．67‰；流动人口平均出生缺陷率为13．52％。，高于常住人口平均出生缺陷率9．53‰（χ^2=25．40，P〈0．001）；74．41％出生缺陷儿的母亲为初中及小学文化。2002～2007年龙岗区人口出生缺陷率呈逐年上升趋势（χ^2趋=29．86，P〈0．001）。前5位出生缺陷为：多指（趾）和／或并指（趾）、先天性心脏病、先天性马蹄内翻足和足外翻、胎儿水肿综合征、唇腭裂，其发生率分别为2．16‰、1．73‰、1．08‰、0．95‰和0．85‰。结论深圳市龙岗区2002～2007年出生缺陷发生率呈逐年上升趋势，因此应加强卫生知识宣教和婚前医学检查、产前筛查及产前诊断．以预防和减少出生缺陷的发生。

Objective To investigate prevalence and distribution characteristics of birth defects in Longgang district of Shenzhen city from 2002 to 2007, so as to provide basis for prevention and intervention of birth defects. Methods The data of birth defect in Longgang district of Shenzhen city from 2002 to 2007 were collected and analyzed. Results 1 528 cases of birth defects were found in the six-year period, and the average rate of birth defect was 12.67‰. Of which, the average rate of the birth defect among migrant population was 13.52‰, which was higher than 9.35‰ in the permanent population （χ^2 = 25.40, P 〈 0.001 ）. The mothers of 74.41% of infants with birth defect were undereducated （at junior middle school level or primary school level）. The birth defect rate among total population was raised year by year in Longgang district in the six-year period from 2002 to 2007 （χ^2 = 29.86, P 〈 0.001 ）. The first five birth defects were hyperdactylia or and syndactylia, congenital heart disease, congenitol talips equinovarus and strephexopodia, Schridde syndrome and cleft lip and/or cleft palate in order and their prevalence rates were 2.16‰, 1.73‰, 1.08‰, 0.95‰ and 0.85‰ respectively. Conclusion In the rate of birth defect in Longgang district of Shenzhen city in the period from 2002 to 2007 there was a slowly increasing tendency. Health education and medical knowledge popularization, premarital medical examination and antenatal examination and diagnosis should be strenthened, so as to prevent and reduce the rate of birth defects.