宫颈癌生物标记物的研究进展

Progress in research on biomarkers in cervical carcinoma

宫颈癌的发病与人乳头状瘤病毒感染密切相关。人乳头状瘤病毒感染是宫颈癌发病的主要危险因素,但并不是感染了人乳头状瘤病毒就一定会发生宫颈癌。病毒癌基因表达产物干扰细胞周期关键调节因子,导致细胞增殖、分化与凋亡异常,才有可能发生宫颈癌。肿瘤生物标记物是肿瘤细胞生物异常的表现,其提示恶性肿瘤的存在。与许多其他肿瘤一样,良好有效的肿瘤标记物为宫颈癌早期诊断、肿瘤复发和转移的监测、疗效的观察及预后判断提供了可靠的依据。目前与宫颈癌有关的生物标记物有数十种,包括人乳头状瘤病毒感染、细胞周期调节蛋白、细胞凋亡相关因子等。随着研究的深入,这些生物标记物在临床上已显示出广阔的应用前景。

Development of cervical carcinoma is closely related to human papillomarovirus （HPV） infection. A large number of studies show that HPV infection is a major risk factor of development of cervical carcinoma. However, not all women being infected with HPV will definitely develop cervical carcinoma. Expression products of oncogene of the virus intervene with key regulators of the cell cycle, leading to abnormalities in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, thereby cervical carcinoma could occur. Biomarkers of tumor cells is presentation of biological abnormalities of the tumor, suggesting presence of malignant tumors. Like many other tumors, good and effective biomarkers of cervical carcinoma provide a reliable basis for early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma, monitoring of recurrence and metastasis of the tumor, observing the therapeutic effect and judging prognosis of the disease. At present tens of biomarkers are reported to be related to cervical carcinoma, including HPV infection, cell cycle regulatory protein, apoptosis-associated factor and other related factors. With deepening of the study, these biomarkers have shown broad application prospects in clinical practice.