德国史学家关于第一次世界大战战争责任问题的争论

Controversies of World War I Responsibilities among German Historians

在德国史学界,关于第一次世界大战战争责任问题一直是有争议的。20世纪20-30年代,主要针对《凡尔赛和约》的相关宣判,一部分德国史学家编辑出版了大量外交档案,极力为德国开脱责任,从而在国际上引起激烈争论。20世纪50年代末、60年代初,汉堡史学家弗里茨.菲舍尔以其论述德国战争目标的论文,对德法两国一度达成的一致意见提出质问,再次引发激烈争论。这些争论既与国际国内政治局势的变化密切联系,也与参与者的政治态度和民族情感息息相关。时至今日,不同观点依然存在,只是研究重点发生了明显转移,研究方法也出现了较大更新。

For German historians, there are until now controversies about the responsibility of the First World War. In the 1920＇s and 1930＇s, directed against the judgment of the ＂Versailles peace treaty＂, a part of German historians edited a series of diplomatic documents and absolved vigorously Germany from blame. At the end of 1950＇s and the beginning of 1960＇s German historian Fritz Fischer initiated the debate on the German goal once more. These arguments have close relation with the change of the international and domestic political situation, and are also closely linked with the participants political attitude and the national emotion. At this point different viewpoints still exist though research had obvious shift of emphasis and the method also appears renewed.