英语存现结构语义语法视角分析

On English Existential Sentences From Semantic Grammar Perspective

英语存现句在语义上表示某处存在、出现或消失某人(物)。传统语法中英语存现句的there是无意义的成分或NP词缀(affix),但是它应该是句子的形式主语,即称虚主语(expletive)。它在主语位置上的出现只是为了满足句子必须有主语的需要。而存现句中非宾格动词后的逻辑主语应当由无定指称名词词组充当,但也可接纳有定指称名词组(包括专有名词)作逻辑主语。

English ＂There＂ existential ,sentences expresses existence in some place ,and some person （thing） occurred or disappeared, and ＂There＂ is regarded as meaningless constituent or NP＇s affix in traditional grammar analysis. But it must be the anticipatory subject, that is expletive subject. Its appearance in subject position must meet more demands of sentence subject .The logical subject behind the non-objetive case verb must be indefinite NP, but sometimes it is acceptable for the use of definite NP（including proper noun ） acted as logical subject.