深圳市龙岗区控烟健康教育的效果评价

Evaluation of Effect of Healthy Education on Smoking Control in Longgang District of Shenzhen City

目的评价深圳市龙岗区开展控烟健康教育的效果。方法用整群抽样的方法,对干预人群采取多种方式进行健康教育,并采用健康教育所统一问卷、统一时间调查机关事业单位员工、社区居民和外来劳务工在项目开展干预前后关于吸烟方面的知识状况与知识来源、态度(观念)、行为以及被动吸烟环境和知识技能需求等,并进行分析。结果机关事业单位工作人员干预前吸烟率平均为19.33%,干预后为13.33%,干预前后差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.95,P<0.05);本地居民干预前吸烟率为23.22%,干预后吸烟率为19.67%;在外来劳务工人员中干预前的吸烟率为19.66%,干预后的吸烟率为15.34%;总的吸烟率干预前后分别为19.78%和15.46%,总体人群干预前后吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=171.34,P<0.01)。结论控烟健康教育可有效降低吸烟率;综合干预的重点是抓好企业管理层和机关事业单位的领导、医生和老师。通过单位领导、医生、老师和企业管理层的带头示范作用,推动控烟工作的深入开展,降低其他人群的尝试吸烟率,是一个有效的干预方法。

[ Objective ] To evaluate the effect of healthy education on smoking control in Longgang district of Shenzhen city. [ Methods] Using cluster sampling method, the intervened group were conducted various ways of health education. Smoking knowledge state and the source, attitude （concept） , behaviors as well as passive smoking environment and knowledge skills requirements of employees of government organizations and institutions, community residents and nonnative labors before and after intervention were investigated and analyzed at unified time, by using health education institutes＇ uniform questionnaire. [ Results] The average smoking rate of employees of government organizations and institutions was 19.33% before intervention, 13.33 % after intervention, the difference was significant（ Х^2 = 3.95, P 〈 0. 05）. The average smoking rate of community residents was 23.22% before intervention, 19.67% after intervention. The average smoking rate of nonnative labors was 19.66% before intervention, 15.34% after intervention. Total smoking rate before and after intervention was 19.78% and 15.46%, the difference was significant （Х^2 = 171.34, P 〈 0. 01 }. [ Conclusion] Anti-smoking health education can effectively reduce smoking rates. Comprehensive intervention will focus on business management and leadership, doctors and teachers of institutions. Through the the leading role of leadership of the unit, doctors, teachers and business management, the promotion of tobacco control work in-depth development and reducing attemping smoking rates of other groups are effective.