盐碱地土壤改良剂施用对种子萌发和生长的影响

Influences on the seed germination and growth with addition of kriliums in saline-alkali soil

我国是盐碱地大国,如何改良盐碱地一直是研究热点。选择17种盐碱地改良剂施加于重度盐碱土,以白菜种子萌发指标和改良土壤电导率及pH值为评价指标,筛选出适宜盐碱地改良的土壤改良剂及其比例配比,为盐碱地治理改良提供理论依据。结果表明,(1)与对照盐碱土相比,11种有效改良剂(聚马来酸酐、石膏、羟基乙叉二膦酸、丙烯酸-丙烯酸羟丙酯共聚物、多氨基多醚基甲叉膦酸、聚马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物、氨基三甲叉膦酸、丙烯酸-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸多元共聚、聚丙烯酸、木炭、双1,6-亚己基三胺五甲叉膦酸)不仅使白菜种子发芽,对降低pH有显著作用,对电导率降低影响不明显;其中聚马来酸酐(HPMA)的改良效果最佳,种子发芽各项指标均较高,具有较强的种子生活力,其发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数的活力指标分别达到72.5%,36.2,1.2;种子发芽率,发芽势和发芽指数与土壤pH值有密切关系(p<0.05),但与土壤电导率无关(p>0.05),从而说明不同土壤改良剂的效果主要显现在调节pH的功能上。(2)在施加钙源石膏辅助下,9种改良剂(聚马来酸酐,聚丙烯酸,木炭,木醋液,乙二胺四乙酸,732型阳离子交换吸附树脂(H+型),柠檬酸,柠檬酸钙,氨三乙酸)改良效果有明显提升,改良剂改良后的盐碱土在种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等指标均有所上升,说明外施钙源有助于其它改良剂效果的发挥。(3)不同浓度梯度筛选中,42.8L/m3聚马来酸酐、25kg/m3石膏改良效果最佳,能够有效降低土壤电导率和pH值,改良后盐碱土的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均最接近壤土种子发芽率、发芽指数等各项指标,但二者单独施用改良盐碱土其发芽率高于二者混合施用的发芽率,不存在协同效应,故二者不宜混合施用。同时,野外进行改良应该考虑多次少量施用或增加改良剂浓度的方法来增强改良效果。

China is one of the largest countries with huge amount of alkaline-alkali soil, how to ameliorate these lands is a hotspot. 17 kinds of Krilium were added to test soil for evaluating their effect on amelioration of heavy soda saline-alkali soil. We measured soil pH, soil electrical conductance and germination parameters of cabbage seeds as screening means to screen out the proper krilium and their proportioning for effectively ameliorating alkaline soil. These data may provide methodological basis for ameliorating alkaline soil in this region. Our result showed that： 1 ） Among 17 kinds of krilium, 11 （ HPMA, Gypsium, HEDP, T225, PAPEMP, MA-AA, ATMP, AA/AMPS, PAA, Charcoal, BHMTPMPA ） of them were effective agents and could effectively induce seed germination with respecting to the no any germination phenomena at the control saline-alkali soil. These effective agents played a remarkable role to reduce the pH, but slightly change the electrical conductance of soil solution. HPMA was the best one in ameliorating saline-alkali soil, which has been manifested by the various index of seed germination. For example, the germination ratio, germination index, germination vigour index were respectively 72.5% , 36.2, 1.2. Soil pH value significantly correlated with the seed germination ratio, germination potential and germination index （p 〈 0.05 ） , but soil electrical conductance did not correlated with any one of the seed germination parameters（p 〉 0.05 ）, showing the important function of pH in explaining the effectiveess of different krilium. 2） Addition of gypsum together with other organic agents could strongly increase the ameliorating effectiveness, which has manifested by the data of 9 agent of HPMA, PAA, charcoal, wood vinegar, EDTA, H ＋ resin, citrate acid, citrate calcium and NTA. The seed germination ratio, gemination index, and germination vigour index has largely increased, showing the plus effect of gypsum. 3 ） gradient experiment of mixing addition of HPMA and gypsum showed that the protocol of HPMA （42.8L/m^3） and gypsum（25kg/m^3） was the most effective one for the amelioration practice. These various indexes were relative close to the corresponding indexes at control normal loam, mixed application is not suitable. We should consider that multiple addition or increase concentration of Krilium in field practice may strength the effectiveness of soil amelioration.