氮沉降对森林生物多样性的影响

Effects of nitrogen deposition on forest biodiversity:a review

从3个方面论述了氮沉降对森林生物多样性影响:(1)森林植物多样性,包括乔木层植物、林下层植物和隐花植物;(2)土壤微生物多样性,主要是细菌和真菌;(3)森林动物多样性:主要包括地下土壤动物和地上草食动物。综合来看,氮沉降改变了物种组成,过量氮沉降降低了生物多样性。同时,也对氮沉降影响生物多样性的机理进行了分析。最后,还探讨了当前在氮沉降对森林生物多样性影响的研究方面存在的问题以及今后研究的方向。

Humans have altered global and regional cycles of nitrogen （N） more than any other element. Increasing N emissions to the atmosphere from accelerating industrialization and production and use of fertilizer N now make N deposition significant not only in densely populated regions of Europe and North America, but also in other parts of the world （e. g. , Asia and Latin America）. Increased atmospheric N deposition is known to reduce biodiversity in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. It is suggested that N deposition will be the third greatest driver of biodiversity loss at the global scale in this century, after land use and climate change. Based on published studies, we reviewed the impacts of N deposition on forest biodiversity, emphasizing three aspects： （1） plant diversity, including arborous plants, understory plants, and cryptogam plants; （2） soil microorganism diversity; （3） animal diversity, including underground soil fauna and aboveground herbivores. In general, N deposition altered species diversity, and excess N reduced species diversity, such as richness, abundance, and even loss of special species. We also identified specific mechanisms on how excess N deposition affects forest biodiversity. Finally, we summarized the current status of research on N deposition in China and in other countries, and proposed potential research activities and recommendations.