高氯酸盐污染及修复的研究进展

An overview of researches on environmental contamination by perchlorate and its remediation

高氯酸盐作为一种甲状腺干扰物质,因其高溶解度、低吸附性及其稳定性,决定了其是一种可快速扩散的持久型污染物,其环境污染问题已引起人们的高度关注。从高氯酸盐污染的危害性出发,阐述了我国可能存在的高氯酸盐污染状况,并对近年来不同介质中高氯酸盐的分析检测技术及前处理方法进行了介绍,同时对已开展的高氯酸盐动物毒理研究、在不同环境介质中的迁移转化和植物积累、及其按生物修复和非生物修复进行分类的修复方法进行了综述。最后,对进一步研究的意义和方向提出建议。

Perchlorate is a new emerging persistent pollutant that can alter endocrine function in animals by blocking iodide uptake into thyroid tissue. Perchlorate contamination has attracted a great attention from scientists, because perchlorate is very stable and quite soluble, extremely mobile in aqueous systems, and diffuse rapidly in environment. Based on the analyses on the harmfulness of perchlorate, this paper firstly introduced the current pollution status of perchlorate in China, and the analytical techniques and pretreatment methods of perchlorate in different mediums. Futhermore, the researches on toxicological effects, migration and transformation of perchlorate in different mediums, accumulation in plants, and the environmental remediation methods in two eategories i.e. bioremediation and non-bioremediation were reviewed. Finally, the significanee and direction of researches on perchlorate contamination in the future were suggested.