个性化:20世纪90年代以来日本大学教育改革

Individuation:Educational Reform in Japanese Universities since the 1990s

个性化是高等教育大众化发展到一定阶段的产物,也是各个大学在竞争的环境中获得生存和发展的必然选择。为了实现大学的个性化,日本政府和大学围绕着学生、教师、课程、资金实施了重大改革。这些改革告诉我们:教育个性化的前提是政府的放权;教育个性化主要需通过各个大学的自我努力来实现,同时也需要有政府的资金援助。

Indivduation is the outcome of the popularization of higher education developing to a certain stage,which is also the inevitable choice to achieve survival and development in competition of the unirersities. In order to realize university＇s individuation, Japanese government and universities implemented important reforms in students, teachers, curriculums, and fund. The reforms told us： the premise of educational individuation is the decentralization of the government; the realization of educational individuation is mainly due to hardworking of each university, as well as the financial assistance of the government.