滇西北高山峡谷区的水汽特征及水资源利用

THE CHARACTER OF PRECIPITATION GEOGRAPHY AND WATER RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN HIGH MOUNTAIN AND DEEP GORGE AREA IN NORTHWEST YUNNAN PROVINCE

滇西北高山峡谷区在大气环流系统与巨大起伏而陡峻的山系和深切河谷的影响下，水汽地理特征表现为：由西而东年均降雨量由多─—少的递减；自北而南由少─—多─—少的规律变化；河谷地区出现干凉─—湿润─—干暖、干热的变化。由于高山峡谷区普遍存在田高水低、水资源利用率低的状况，故提出该区水资源的开发与利用应以“高水高用，低水低用”的指导方针，采用引、蓄、提结合的方式，在农田成片，田高水低的干流河谷区主要发展提水灌溉；在农田分散，田高水高的沟壑农业区主要采取自流引水灌溉方式；同时可考虑利用有利地形，在较高地区修建蓄水工程，实现几个小支流的联合供水，解决水源问题。

The high mountain and deep gorge area in northwest Yunnan province is located between N25°32' to N29° and E98° to E100°30', relates to Lujian, Diqing, Dan and Lijiang prefectures. The general physical feature inclines from northwest to southeast. The area is mainly composed of large, high mountains and deep gorges that rise and fall enormously, developing from north to south, side by side from west to east, in which are: Gao Ligong Mountain, Lu River, Lu Mountain, Nancang River, Yunlin Mountain and Jingsha River. The relative height differeces between the mountains and the gorges is about 3, 000 metres. Under the jointly effects of the complicated and special geographical character and the atmospheric cycling system, its geographical characters of precipitation have: from north to south, the regularly change of annual precipitation is small to large to small, the landscape of river valley shows the dry-cool valley to humid valley to dry-warm or dry-hot valley; from large to small, and the distribution of the annual precipitation transitions from double-peak type to single one; the vegetation-soil kinds change from: subtropical hilly monsoon laurel forest-yunnan pine loess and redearth zone to temperate zone dry valley leaflet scrub cinnamon red earth zone to dry valley polythorn scrub limestone cinnamon red earth zone, the river valleys transition from humid valley to dry warm and dry-luke warm valley. The relief of this area shows broken, high and precipitious,arable lands are precious and dispersed, there are many kinds of hilly calamities and often take place, and because of high mountain and low water, the relative pleateau plain is located to high frigid zone ,lacking of enough of heat; the area of valley flat land is limited, and usually lack of water,So , the 'water in high place should be used in high area, water in lower place should he used in lower place''is as guilding principle , the combination among diverting, impounding and raising water is the way in the areals water resoure development and utilization: in the middle river valley farming area of lands concentration and seasonal lack of water, it should mainly be considered to build a group of mainstay water power projects using favourable relief conditions, or think of allocating water from other valley; in the main stem valley farmland area of vasts of farmlands water below farmlands, it should be thought to develop raising water irrigation on the main branches of having aboundent water resource, develop branches' diverting water and holding water to use favourable branches' relief; in the gully area of dispersed farmlands, high lands and high waterl canals' waterdrift along is mainly used to irrigation, at same time, it should be thought to develop many sorts of water conservancy facilities like pools, small reservoirs in order to impounding water for using during the period of lack of water.