大理州红河上源区土壤概查与开发治理问题探讨

THE SOIL SURVEY ON THE UPRIVER AREA OF HONGHE IN DALI REGION FOR DEVELOPMENT AND HARNESSING

本区为红河(元江及李仙江)的发源地,但并非一片未开垦的土地,而是一个过度开发的地区。因而存在较多的生态问题,对中下游有不可忽视的影响,严重的问题还在于本身的保护治理,以恢复本区人民赖以生存的良好生态环境,且取得农业经济的发展、人民的富足。在大理州土壤普查中,笔者曾对本区各县及九顶山、鹿鸣河等作了调查研究,本文报导主要情况及治理意见。

The red earth and Purple Soil in all of this region is 85.86% of the area of total soil resource. The ratio of cultivate in land us capability is 16.25% that is higher than the Dali Prefecture's. The soil erosion of the slight degree to the very strong is 2071.0km^2 in all which is 50.54% of the total area. After A. D 1905yr. The disaster of flood has been becomed frequency and seriousness than 1623—1905 Yrs. The measures of control are to protect the forest, and renew the forest on the sparse trees land, young trees land and bush land, to afforest for the 745.3km^2 area (18.17% of total area) from the mountain waste land and herbosa land. Those contain the measures of that construct or plant the trees of wood, fruits, tea, walnut, soil and water conservation forest etc. other comprehensive control measures will be adopted, such as shelter embankment etc. The soil utilization program: Brown earth zone——Nature protective region, traveling region; Yellow Brown earth zone——Wood, tea; Purple Soil zone——Tea, tobacoo, peal, walnut, wood, soil and water conservetion forest; Red earth zone——mulberry, pear, tobacoo, walnut, soil and water conservation forest, wood, peach etc.; cinnanon red earth zone——zongan, tungoil tree (Vernicia fordii), Eriolaena spectabilia (Tree)…etc., rare wood (Toona citiata etc., Paddy soil zone——high productive rice, wheat, rape, field beam, tobacco etc.