1Bone L, Stegemann P, MeNamara K,et al. External fixation of severely comminuted and open tibial Pilon fractures [ J ]. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1993,292 : 101 - 107.
2Rtledi TP, Allgower M. Fractures of the lower end of the tibial into the ankle joint [J]. Injury, 1969, 1:92 -97.
3Mфller BN, Krebs B. Intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia[ J ]. Acta Orthop Scand, 1982,53: 991 -996.
4Chen YW, Huang PJ, Hsu CY, et al. Surgical treatment for Pilon fracture of the ankle-open reduction and internal fixation[J]. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 1998,1 : 31 -35.
5Conroy J, Agarwal M, Giannoudis PV, et al. Early internal fixation and soft tissue cover of severe open tibial Pilon fractures[ J]. Int Orthop, 2003, 6.. 343 -347.
6Koulouvaris P, Stafylas K, Mitsionis G, et al. Long-term resuhs of various therapy concepts in severe pilon fractures [J]. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2007, 5:313-320.
7Borens O, Kloen P, Richmond J, et al. Minimally invasive treatment of Pilon fractures with a low profile plate: preliminary results in 17 cases[J]. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2006, 2.
8Syed MA, Panchbhavi VK. Fixation of tibial pilon fractures with percutaneous cannulated screws[ J]. Injury, 2004, 3:284-289.
9Hazarika S, Chakravarthy J, Cooper J. Minimally invasive locking plate osteosynthesis for fractures of the distal tibia-results in 20 patients[J]. Injury, 2006,9:877-887.
10Hasenboehler E, Rikli D, Babst R. Locking compression plate with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in diaphyseal and distal tibial fracture: a retrospective study of 32 patients [J]. Injury, 2007, 3 : 365 - 370.
