中国古代荒政思想与赈济制度探析

A study of ancient famine policy and disaster relief system in China

面对自然灾害的侵袭,古代封建政府和劳动人民采取了积极措施防灾抗灾,他们兴修水利、改进农作技术、采用各种方法防灾抗灾,取得了显著的成效。同时也形成了富有特色的中国古代荒政思想,并由此衍生出了赈济制度。赈济制度以三仓制度为核心,以储粮备荒和临灾施赈为基本方式,并辅之以减少政府开支、整肃吏治、鼓励生育、减轻灾民负担等措施,以秦汉时期为重点探析古代赈济制度形成及其发展。

Facing natural disasters struck, the ancient feudal government and the labor had taken positive measures for disaster prevention and resilience. By building water infrastructure, improving farming techniques, using various methods of disaster prevention and resilience, and achieving significant results. Meanwhile a distinctive thought of the ancient Chinese famine policy was formed and the relief system was als0 formed. Three warehouses were the focus of relief system, and grain storage for famine and disaster relief was the basic application form, which were supplemented by reducing government expenditure, purging officials, encouraging fertility, reducing the burden for people in disasters. The Qin and Han dynasties are focused on in analyzing the formation and development of ancient disaster relief system.