氯代二苯并二噁和氯代二苯并呋喃的毒性、来源与环境归宿

POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS——TOXICITY, SOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

本文对PCDDs和PCDFs的毒性、来源、迁移和归宿做了评述.总结了T_4CDD对小鼠和大鼠的致畸和致癌性.PCDD对沙门氏菌的致突变性以及PCDDs, PCDFs对动物的LD_(50)值.从中可以看到,PCDDs和PCDFs主要来源于燃烧过程特别是焚烧和汽车废气的排放,以及工业过程如制浆及造纸工业的污泥,它被认为是最重要的新的工业污染源.本文还对土壤沉积及迁移、大气迁移和归宿、生物富集、生物降解及光解在内的PCDDs和PCDFs的环境归宿进行了讨论.

The toxicities, sources, transport and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs are reviewed in the paper. First, the teratogenicity and carcinogenicity of TCDD in mice and rats, mutagenicity of PCDD in Salmonella, and the single oral LD50 values for some PCDDs and PCDFs in animals were summarized. Two main sources of PCDDs and PCDFs, the combustion processes especially the emission from incineration and automobile exhausts, and the industrial processes including sludge from pulp and paper industry which is found to be the most significant new industrial source, were described. Finally, the transport and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs including soil deposition and transport, atmospheric transport and fate, bioaccumulation, biodegradation and photolysis were briefly discussed.