我国农村教育政策30年的演进与变迁

The Evolution and Change of China's Rural Education Policies in the Past Thirty Years

改革开放30年来,我国农村教育的发展与农村教育政策的调整与变革相联系。30年农村教育政策的演进与变迁大体经历了三个阶段,有其自身的演进路向和变迁途径。1978—1984年,农村教育的政策重心是:恢复教学秩序,普及小学教育,改善教育结构的单一化和发展农民教育;1985—2002年,农村教育以改革基础教育的管理体制,有步骤地实施九年制义务教育和加强改革农村教育结构为重要政策指向;2003年以来,在落实科学发展观和建设社会主义新农村的背景中,农村教育政策有着新的调整与变革。30年农村教育发展的实践,既彰显着教育政策的积极功能与成效,也留下了值得反思的政策问题。

The development of China＇s rural education in the past thirty years is closely related with the adjustments and changes of rural education policies. In the past thirty years, the evolution and change of rural education policies passed three phases, each with its own course and direction. The focus of rural education from 1978 to 1984 was on the restoration of order in the education system, on the popularization of primary school education, on the adjustment of education structure, and on the development of education of peasants; the pol- icy orientation of rural education from 1985 to 2002 lay in a step-by-step implementation of the nine-year compulsory education and the reform of rural education structure; since the year 2003, rural education has witnessed new adjustments under the background of building a socialist new countryside and carrying out the outlook on scientific development. The practice of rural education in the past thirty years has not only made obvious the positive functions and achievements of the education policies but also left us some policy problems worthy of reflection.