辽东山地老秃顶子北坡植被类型及垂直带谱

Vegetation type and vertical zone spectrum on the northern slope of Mt. Laotudingzi in eastern Liaoning Province

基于沿海拔梯度的样方调查数据,运用TWINSPAN分类方法,科学划分老秃顶子北坡的森林群落类型,确定老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱,并对其种类组成和生活型谱进行系统研究。结果表明：⑴老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱由8个带组成,即海拔500-720m的蒙古栎＋色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔720-820m的紫椴＋色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔820-920m的臭冷杉＋暴马丁香针阔混交林带,海拔920-1080m的臭冷杉＋鱼鳞云杉暗针叶林带,海拔1080-1190m的枫桦＋臭冷杉针阔混交林带,海拔1190-1280m的岳桦＋簇毛槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔1280-1320m的矮灌化槭树＋毛榛子山地灌丛带,海拔1320-1367m的小叶章＋苔草山地草甸带。⑵老秃顶子北坡自山麓至山顶8个植被带的物种丰富度分别为43、27、33、39、54、45、47和34种,呈现出了在中等海拔高度拥有最高物种多样性的现象。⑶老秃顶子北坡在山麓-920m间,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显增多,地面芽植物明显减少;在海拔920m-山顶,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显减少,至山顶基本消失,而地面芽植物比例则由21.2%显著增加到山顶的79.4%。

Based on the data of plots along altitudinal gradient,this paper classified the type of forest communities using TWINSPAN classification,consequently determined vertical zone spectrum and concerned species composition and life-spectrum on the northern slope of Mt.Laotudingzi,which is the highest peak of the middle mountains with a relative height of 867m in eastern Liaoning Province.The results showed that：（1） The vegetation vertical zone spectrum was composed of 8 belts,namely the deciduous broad-leaved forests dominated by Quercus mongolica and Acer mono between 500 to 720m,the deciduous broad-leaved forests dominated by Tilia amurensis and Acer mono from 720 to 820m,the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests dominated by Abies nephroleis and Syringa reticulata var.mandshurica along 820 to 920m,the dark coniferous forests dominated by Abies nephrolepis and Picea jezoensis var.microsperma at 920-1080m,the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests dominated by Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis at 1080-1190m,the deciduous broad-leaved forests dominated by Betula ermanii and Acer barbinerve at 1190-1280m,shrub dominated by Acer spp.and Corylus mandshurica from 1280 to 1320m and alpine meadow dominated by Calamagrostis angustifolia and Carex spp.from 1320 to 1367m.（2） The species richness of the 8 vegetation layers were 43,27,33,39,54,45,47 and 34,respectively,indicating that the highest value appeared at the mid-altitude zone on the northern slope of Mt.Laotudingzi.（3） The proportion of Phanerophytes in the community became larger obviously and Hemicryptophytes was smaller with increasing elevation from piedmont to 920m,however,the proportion of Phanerophytes obviously became smaller with increasing elevation and nearly disappeared on the peak,while Hemicryptophytes increased from 21.2% to 79.4% significantly from 920m to the top.