1995年以来中国城市体系格局与演变--基于航空流视角

China′s urban systems in terms of air passenger and cargo flows since 1995

在国内外城市体系研究航空流视角的成果基础上,运用1995年以来的中国航空统计数据,基于数据描述及重力模型和模糊参数等定量方法,分析了中国城市体系格局和变迁。主要结论有:(1)城市体系和城市群互动符合"距离衰减原则"。同时上海、北京两大全球性城市强化了在全国的枢纽机场的地位,西部地区形成了若干区域性的枢纽机场。(2)枢纽度最大的城市是京津冀、长三角、厦漳泉、珠三角、成渝等区域经济中心城市。辽中南、山东半岛、江汉平原的区域中心城市的枢纽度并不突出;南京、杭州、福州和重庆虽然作为各自地区的主要经济中心城市,但其枢纽度在一定程度上受到了地区首位城市或门户城市的压制。(3)中国主要经济中心城市相对地位变化有如下几种类型:稳定型、上升型、下降型、先升后降型和先降后升型。长三角的经济中心城市表现出强盛的区域带动势头,而珠三角、京津冀发展相对平稳,成渝在中西部具有特殊性,表现出日益强化的区域枢纽地位,辽中南、福建沿海、关中、江汉平原等地区经济中心城市的枢纽度则相对发展缓慢,甚至有所下降。

This paper examines patterns and changes of China′s urban systems in terms of air traffic flows since the 1990s.The related analysis approach is mainly based on the gravity model and the fuzzy variable method.The main findings are as follows： Firstly,the pattern,the interaction and changes of China′s urban systems conform to the law of＂Distance Decay＂.The global cities,or the mega-cities,such as Beijing and Shanghai have enforced their position nationwide.While in some economic centers of the western region,such as Chengdu,Kunming,and Urumqi,the hub airports gradually grow up into regional centers. Secondly,cities of Beijing,Xiamen,Xi＇an,Shenzhen,Guanghzou and Shanghai are evident as regional hubs.Most of these cities are located in the urban agglomerations,such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,the Yangtze Delta Region,the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Region,the Pearl River Delta Region,the Guanzhong Region,and the Chengdu-Chongqing Region etc.While cities in Liaoning,Shandong and Hubei provinces,their airports do not show evident regional hubness.And also other cities,such as Nanjing,Hangzhou,Fuzhou and Chongqing have small hubness index,because of the influence of related gateway cities or primary cities,such as Shanghai,Xiamen and Chengdu. Thirdly,the types of changes of China′s main economic centers include the following ones： the steady type（eg Shenyang,Shanghai,Nanjing）,the growing type（eg Tianjing,Hangzhou,Qingdao）,the decaying types（eg Guangzhou,Fuzhou,Xiamen,Wuhan,Xi′an）,the ＂increasing-decreasing＂ types and the ＂decreasing-increasing＂ ones.Generally speaking,cities in the Yangtze Delta Region show strong roles of regional motors,while those in the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region show steadiness.Hubness of cities in Liaoning Province,the coastal Fujian Province,the Guanzhong Region,and the Jianghan Region,show slow growth,even remarkable decreasing tendency.