水库大坝地震后特别检查(英文)

Inspection of dams after earthquakes

地震可以不同方式对水库大坝造成破坏:①强烈的地振动;②坝基沿断层或其他间断面的位移;③水库内断层活动引起波浪使大坝失去超高;④岩体向水库运动形成冲击波。大地震影响的范围较广,可能影响的水库大坝数量也较多,如2001年发生的印度Bhuj地震,有240多座水库大坝(主要为小型的土石坝)因遭受破坏而需要除险加固。另外,2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的8级地震,有1580多座水库大坝遭受到不同程度的破坏。2008年6月14日日本Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku7.2级地震发生后,对其涉及的134座水库大坝进行了地震后特别检查。通常,负责大坝安全的部门需要通过调查对震损水库的安全状况进行评估,进行调查时最好使用检查表。2008年国际大坝委员会对使用了20a的地震后水坝检查导则进行了全面修订,其中包括土石坝及混凝土坝的震后检查表。介绍了导则修改后的特点,并希望提供的检查表不仅应用于水库大坝的震后检查,也可应用于水库大坝一般检查。

Earthquakes may cause damage to dams in different ways： （1） strong ground shaking; （2） movements along faults and other discontinuities in the footprint of a dam; （3） permanent loss of freeboard and water waves generated by fault movements in reservoir; （4） impulsive waves due to mass movements into the reservoir. Major earthquakes may affect large areas and large numbers of dams. This was demonstrated by the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India, where some 240 dams （mainly small embankment dams） were damaged and needed repair and strengthening. Also during the magnitude 8 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan province in China of May 12, 2008, over 1580 dams and reservoirs were affected to different extents. Moreover, after the magnitude 7.2 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, which occurred in Japan on June 14, 2008, 134 dams were inspected. Therefore, in order to assess the safety of dams affected by earthquakes a thorough investigation is usually required by the dam safety authorities. This is done best by using checklists. In 2008 the 20 year old ICOLD Guideline on the Inspection of Dams Following Earthquakes was completely revised including the checklists for the inspection of embankment and concrete dams. The present paper provides a summary of the new features of this guideline and it is hoped that the checklists provided will be used not only for the inspection of dams alter earthquakes but also for the general inspection of dams.