混凝土及土石坝工程寿命与大坝安全工程经济效益(英文)

Life-span of concrete and embankment dams and economic benefits of dam safety projects

大坝安全与大坝结构的物理状态密切相关,而大坝的物理状态取决于维护及加固工程。在一定程度上,维修维护工程控制了大坝结构的使用年限。大坝安全措施带来的效益很大程度上取决于维护、监测及管理工程的投资。第一部分讨论了诸如老化、维护、缺陷的影响,以及可能使用年限内对混凝土和土石坝及其基础的设计要求;第二部分评价了有关大坝安全设计与安全措施的投资效益,如维护、监测及管理。结果表明,投资效益不直接源于货币收入,而是体现在良好的安全运行、原建筑物的投资保护、避免溃坝带来的经济损失等方面,同时提高了公众意识,降低了下游地区的风险。

Dam safety is related to the physical condition of a dam structure, which in turn is governed by maintenance and rehabilitation work. The latter activities control, to a certain degree, the life-span of the dam structure. Benefits derived from dam safety activities depend largely on the investments made in maintenance, monitoring and surveillance. In the first part, this paper discusses the impact of issues like ageing, maintenance, vulnerability, and design requirements of both concrete and embankment dams and their foundations on their possible life-span. In the second part, the benefits of investments in safe dam design and in dam safety activities, like maintenance and monitoring, are evaluated. It is shown that the return is not directly in monetary gains but in safe and mostly trouble-free operation, preservation of the investment made in the original structures, prevention of the financial consequences of a dam failure, improved public awareness, and risk-free activities in the downstream area.