汉代琴学在中国琴史中的地位及影响

The Status and Influence of Guqin of Han Dynasty in the Chinese History of Instrument

古琴作为中国的传统乐器早在周代就已经在民间流传,但古琴在跨越其它普通的乐器而成为"八音之首"则主要依托以士阶层的存在。在汉代,众多的士阶层视古琴为雅器,借用琴曲抒发他们的内心情感,琴学也成为文人精神之寄托而具有人文音乐的性质,因而从根本上将古琴从"艺术琴"提升到"人文琴"的地位。文章主要通过汉代琴学造谐、汉代古琴作品、汉代古琴技法及汉代琴学的"人文琴"特征、汉代琴学的乐教思想几方面来阐释汉代琴学在中国琴史中的重要地位及影响。

As an ancient musical instrument, Guqin had already existed in Zhou Dynasty. Guqin became the head of eight ancient musical instrument, just backed on the existence of ＂shi＂ class （intellt tual class）. In Han dynasty, many intellectuals and gentlemen expressed their feelings and reposed their spirits with Guqin, basically, they changed the role of Guqin from Artistic Qin to Humanities Qin. Thus, the activities about Guqin had a connection with musical educational function, and that was very important in the development history of Guqin. So, this article explains the importance and influence of Guqin activities in Han dynasty throughout the development history of Guqin study in three different aspects： achievements and characteristics; the nature of ＂humanities qin＂ and musical educational thoughts.