天津开发区与城市空间结构演进分析

Analysis on Development Zone and Urban Spatial Structure Evolution in Tianjin

从天津各开发区的概况分析入手,总结了天津开发区与城市的关系以及开发区对天津城市发展的贡献。开发区建设成为天津重要的经济增长点,带动了整个城市经济的发展。并在此基础上从开发区布局建设对天津城市空间结构的影响即导致城市空间增长和城市形态变化两个方面,阐述了开发区与天津城市空间结构演进的关系。开发区与天津城市空间结构的演进属于双核式。开发区高速的经济增长和建设导致天津城市空间的增长。利用中国科学院资源与环境数据中心提供的关于天津市20世纪80年代中后期,20世纪90年代中期,2000年度的三期1∶10万土地利用数据以及覆盖整个天津市的2007年中巴地球资源卫星02星(CBERS-02)遥感数据,以GIS为制图和数据提取的分析手段,总结了天津城市用地面积的变化和空间扩展规律。90年代,天津各级各类开发区大量建设,产业空间迅速蔓延,使得天津市城市空间布局从"单核增长"转为沿海河"轴线铺开",形成现今"一条扁担挑两头",以中心城区和滨海新区为主副中心,工业与商业功能分工明确的"双核心"、双中心组团式中心城市布局结构。

Starting from the analysis of the developing background and situation in various deve- lopment zones in Tianjin, this paper reviewed the relationship between city and development zone as well as the contribution of development zone to urban development in Tianjin. The development zone construction becomes an important economic growth pole in Tianjin and brings along the urban economic development of the whole city. Based on this fact, the relationship between development zone and urban spatial structure evolvement is clarified. The type of development zone and urban spatial structure evolvement belongs to the double-core one. The rapid economic growth of development zone and construction lead to expansion of urban space in Tianjin. The development zone influences urban spatial structure of Tianjin from two aspects, one is bringing on the increase of urban space, and the other is the change of urban morphology. Using land use vector data of the three periods in the mid-1980s, 1995 and 2000 at a scale of 1：100,000 and the CBERS-02 data in 2007, and taking GIS as an analysis method, the changes by automatic classi- fication and integration by man and machine were interpreted for CBERS-02 data. Then it was overlapped with the former data. So we obtain dynamic changes information of urban expansion throughout the study period. Then the urban land area change and spatial expansion rules are summarized. In the 1990s, various development zones were established at a large scale and industrial space sprawled out-of-order rapidly, making urban space layout change from single-core growth to axes spreading out along the Hahei River. Consequently, the double-center and group urban layout structure comes into being, which is described as one shoulder pole carries two sides, tak- ing central urban area and Binhai new area as head and assistant center as well as a double-core with clear division of industrial and commercial functions.