杂交棉新品种(系)的比较研究

Comparison Study on New Varieties(Strains) of Hybrid Cotton

[目的]研究不同棉花品种在新疆阿克苏地区的适应性、丰产性和抗病性。[方法]以棉花品种中棉所35为对照,研究新陆中29、鲁棉28、科1等13个棉花品种在新疆阿克苏地区的适应性、丰产性和抗病性。[结果]海陆杂交棉科1前期长势明显优于常规棉和陆陆杂交棉;陆陆杂交棉苗期长势弱于常规棉,但其现蕾、开花的节位较低;杂交棉的现蕾量明显多于常规棉。鲁棉28、科14、038、吉田4号、中40和3号对黄萎病的耐性较强,新陆中29和天杂1号抗病性较差。在供试品种中,吉田4号的籽棉产量和皮棉产量均为最高,分别比对照高19.1%和27.7%;其次是豫杂37号,比对照高11.0%和20.3%。[结论]陆陆杂交棉更适宜在新疆阿克苏地区栽培。

[Objective] The research was to study the adaptability,high yield and disease resistance of different cotton varieties in Aksu area in Xinjiang.[Method] With cotton variety Zhongmiansuo 35 as CK,the adaptability,high yield and disease resistance of 13 cotton varieties such as Xinluzhong 29,Lumian 28,Ke 1 in Aksu area in Xinjiang were studied.[Result] The growth vigor of hybrid cotton Ke1 of G.hirsutum×G.barbadense was obviously better than that of conventional cotton and hybrid of G.hirsutum×G.hirsutum in earlier stage. The growth vigor of hybrid cotton of G.hirsutum×G.hirsutum was weaker than that of conventional cotton in seedling stage,but its joint position on which the buds and flowers emerged was lower.The bud number of hybrid cotton was more than that of conventional cotton.The tolerance of Lumian 28,Ke1,4038,Jitian 4,Zhong 40 and 3 to verticillium wilt were stronger and the disease resistance of Xinluzhong 29 and Tianza 1 was worse.Among the tested varieties,the seed cotton yield and lint yield of Jitian 4 were all the highest,being 19.1% and 27.7% higher than that of CK resp.,the following was Yuza 37,being 11.0% and 20.3% higher than that of CK resp.[Conclusion] The hybrid of G.hirsutum×G.hirsutum was more suitable to be planted in Aksu area in Xinjiang.